The effects of collaborative mobile learning approach on academic performance: The mediating role of social interaction, and learning motivation
Yang Tiantian 1 * , Abu Bakar Razali 2, Nurul N. Zulkifli 3, Joanna J. Jeyaraj 4
More Detail
1 Teaching English as the Second Language), Faculty of Educational Studies,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
2 Academic, Student Affairs, and Alumni,Faculty of Educational Studies,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
3 Department of Sci. and Tech.,Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
4 Department of Language & Humanities Education, Faculty of Educational Studies,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Recognizing the roles that English vocabulary, social interaction, academic performance, and learning motivation play in language learning can be useful in chiefly enhancing EFL language acquisition. This research explores the challenges that the pre-college EFL students encounter while expanding their word learning knowledge, communicating in the social setting, academically performing, and maintaining learning motivation. To address these challenges, the study explores how a collaborative mobile learning approach can be used to address the challenges and improve language learning for pre-college EFL students. A total of 326 students participated in the study. Data were collected by using a self-developed survey questionnaire with predefined questions to avoid inconsistency in responses. Using the PLS-SEM approach on the collected data, the study identified several significant relationships among the accepted collaborative mobile learning approach, social interaction, motivation to learn English, and the outcome knowledge of new English vocabulary. However, the experiment established that motivation to learn predicted the relationship between mobile collaborative learning and increases in effective vocabulary scores in English as well as academic performance. These significant findings show the essence of creating a spirit of collaboration and a learning environment that focuses on mobile learning, students, and their motivation for effective learning of EFL language goals among pre-college students. As such, this study has important implications for teaching and learning processes in general and valuable implications for the teaching and learning of EFL in particular, offering practical suggestions as to how the educational process could be improved for learners, educators, educational administrations, and policymakers.

Keywords

References

  • Acar, F. (2023). Underlying reasons behind the achievement of successful university students: A phenomenological inquiry. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 5(4), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202313417
  • Agwu, U. D., & Nmadu, J. (2023). Students’ interactive engagement, academic achievement and self concept in chemistry: An evaluation of cooperative learning pedagogy. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 24(2), 688-705. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RP00148A
  • Alismaiel, O. A., Cifuentes-Faura, J., & Al-Rahmi, W. M. (2022). Online learning, mobile learning, and social media technologies: An empirical study on constructivism theory during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 14(18), 11134. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811134
  • An, Z., Wang, C., Li, S., Gan, Z., & Li, H. (2021). Technology-assisted self-regulated English language learning: Associations with English language self-efficacy, English enjoyment, and learning outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 558466. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.558466
  • Asad, M. M., Naz, A., Churi, P., & Tahanzadeh, M. M. (2021). Virtual reality as pedagogical tool to enhance experiential learning: a systematic literature review. Education Research International. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7061623
  • Bacca‐Acosta, J., Fabregat, R., Baldiris, S., Kinshuk, & Guevara, J. (2022). Determinants of student performance with mobile‐based assessment systems for English as a foreign language courses. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(3), 797-810. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12649
  • Bahrawi, A. A. (2023). The efficacy of a training program based on executive function skills in developing language competence of students with ASD. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 29(1), 76-90.
  • Belda-Medina, J. (2022). Using augmented reality (AR) as an authoring tool in EFL through mobile computer-supported collaborative learning. Teaching English with Technology, 22(2), 115-135.
  • Bilgiç, E., & Tekin, A. (2023). All we can do is trial and error: English language teachers' inclusive practice experiences. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 5(4), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202324728
  • bin Wan Daud, W. A. A., Wong, K. T., Ghani, M. T. A., & Ramli, S. B. (2021). Gender differences in learning Arabic language proficiency via m-learning among Malaysia university students. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(S2), 1069-1082. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.904123
  • Bowden, J. L.-H., Tickle, L., & Naumann, K. (2021). The four pillars of tertiary student engagement and success: a holistic measurement approach. Studies in Higher Education, 46(6), 1207-1224. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1672647
  • Cabrera, S., & López-Quesada, G. (2022). Theoretical-conceptual framework of the methodology for the development of language competence in the teaching of english as a foreign language at the pre-university level. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 5(8), 2071-2087. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v5-i8-23
  • Chang, C., Colón-Berlingeri, M., Mavis, B., Laird-Fick, H. S., Parker, C., & Solomon, D. (2021). Medical student progress examination performance and its relationship with metacognition, critical thinking, and self-regulated learning strategies. Academic Medicine, 96(2), 278-284. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003766
  • Chen, C.-C., & Tu, H.-Y. (2021). The effect of digital game-based learning on learning motivation and performance under social cognitive theory and entrepreneurial thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.750711
  • Chen, X., Yu, G., Cheng, G., & Hao, T. (2019). Research topics, author profiles, and collaboration networks in the top-ranked journal on educational technology over the past 40 years: a bibliometric analysis. Journal of Computers in Education, 6, 563-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-019-00149-1
  • Chernova, O., Litvinov, A., Telezhko, I., & Ermolova, T. (2022). Teaching science language grammar to would be translators in vocationally oriented language learning via m-learning. Frontiers in Education, 7, 905800. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.905800
  • Criollo-C, S., Guerrero-Arias, A., Jaramillo-Alcázar, Á., & Luján-Mora, S. (2021). Mobile learning technologies for education: Benefits and pending issues. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4111. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094111
  • Curum, B., & Khedo, K. K. (2021). Cognitive load management in mobile learning systems: principles and theories. Journal of Computers in Education, 8, 109-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-020-00173-6
  • Darvin, R., & Norton, B. (2023). Investment and motivation in language learning: What's the difference? Language Teaching, 56(1), 29-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444821000057
  • Ehsan, N., Vida, S., & Mehdi, N. (2019). The impact of cooperative learning on developing speaking ability and motivation toward learning English. Journal of Language and Education, 5(19), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.9809
  • Esra, M., & Sevilen, Ç. (2021). Factors influencing EFL students’ motivation in online learning: A qualitative case study. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 4(1), 11-22.
  • Fareen, J. A. M. (2024). Macro inquiries on needs-based language learning and its implications on ESP syllabus design. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 6(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.33902/jpsp.202424177
  • Fawns, T., Aitken, G., & Jones, D. (2021). Ecological teaching evaluation vs the datafication of quality: Understanding education with, and around, data. Postdigital Science and Education, 3(1), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00109-4
  • Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGraw-Hill Companies.
  • Galegane, G., & Ntereke, B. B. (2022). Examining the effectiveness of the process-genre writing instructional framework in EAP writing course. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 4(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.202217703
  • Gholizadeh, G., & Rahimi, M. (2023). The mediating role of academic self-regulation in the relationship between autocorrect use and vocabulary size. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(2), ep411. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/12937
  • Gualtieri, L., Rauch, E., & Vidoni, R. (2021). Emerging research fields in safety and ergonomics in industrial collaborative robotics: A systematic literature review. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 67, 101998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2020.101998
  • Güler, M., Bütüner, S., Danişman, Ş., & Gürsoy, K. (2022). A meta-analysis of the impact of mobile learning on mathematics achievement. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 1725–1745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10640-x
  • Guo, J., Huang, F., Lou, Y., & Chen, S. (2020). Students’ perceptions of using mobile technologies in informal English learning during the COVID-19 epidemic: A study in Chinese rural secondary schools. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 4(4), 475-483. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2020063786
  • Hawamdeh, M., & Soykan, E. (2021). Systematic analysis of effectiveness of using mobile technologies (MT) in teaching and learning foreign language. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 11(4), e202124. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/11256
  • Herrera, S. I., Manresa-Yee, C., & Sanz, C. V. (2023). Mobile learning for hearing-impaired children: Review and analysis. Universal Access in the Information Society, 22(2), 635-653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-021-00841-z
  • Herrera-Pavo, M. Á. (2021). Collaborative learning for virtual higher education. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 28, 100437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100437
  • Howard, J. L., Bureau, J., Guay, F., Chong, J. X. Y., & Ryan, R. M. (2021). Student motivation and associated outcomes: A meta-analysis from self-determination theory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1300-1323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620966789
  • Jeong, K.-O. (2019). Online collaborative language learning for enhancing learner motivation and classroom engagement. International Journal of Contents, 15(4), 89-96.
  • Jovanović, J., Saqr, M., Joksimović, S., & Gašević, D. (2021). Students matter the most in learning analytics: The effects of internal and instructional conditions in predicting academic success. Computers & Education, 172, 104251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104251
  • Kamal, M. I., Zubanova, S., Isaeva, A., & Movchun, V. (2021). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Distance learning impact on the English language teaching during COVID-19. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7307-7319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10588-y
  • Karataş, T. Ö., & Tuncer, H. (2020). Sustaining language skills development of pre-service EFL teachers despite the COVID-19 interruption: A case of emergency distance education. Sustainability, 12(19), 8188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198188
  • Khan, G. A., Shah, R. U., & Ullah, H. F. (2021). Impact of teachers’classroom management skills on students’academic achievement at secondary level. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 4(4), 403. https://doi.org/10.52337/pjer.v4i4.403
  • Kristiawan, D., Ferdiansyah, S., & Picard, M. (2022). Promoting vocabulary building, learning motivation, and cultural identity representation through digital storytelling for young Indonesian learners of English as a foreign language. Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 10(1), 19-36.
  • Krouska, A., Troussas, C., & Sgouropoulou, C. (2022). Mobile game-based learning as a solution in COVID-19 era: Modeling the pedagogical affordance and student interactions. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 229-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10672-3
  • Lei, M., & Medwell, J. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on student teachers: How the shift to online collaborative learning affects student teachers’ learning and future teaching in a Chinese context. Asia Pacific Education Review, 22, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-021-09686-w
  • Lim, G., Shelley, A., & Heo, D. (2019). The regulation of learning and co-creation of new knowledge in mobile learning. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 11(4), 449-484. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2019.11.024
  • Liu, S.-H. (2016). The perceptions of participation in a mobile collaborative learning among pre-service teachers. Journal of Education and Learning, 5(1), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v5n1p87
  • Liu, X., Zhu, W., & Seong, D. S. (2023). Exploring the influence of art teachers' core quality improvement on students' learning motivation and educational policy: empirical evidence based on Chinese universities. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 29(3), 48-68. https://doi.org/10.52152/kuey.v29i3.702
  • Namaziandost, E., Homayouni, M., & Rahmani, P. (2020). The impact of cooperative learning approach on the development of EFL learners’ speaking fluency. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7(1), 1780811. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1780811
  • Nejad, M. E., Izadpanah, S., Namaziandost, E., & Rahbar, B. (2022). The mediating role of critical thinking abilities in the relationship between English as a foreign language learners’ writing performance and their language learning strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 746445. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.746445
  • Pawlak, M., & Kruk, M. (2022). Individual differences in computer assisted language learning research. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003240051
  • Purnama, N., Rahayu, N., & Yugafiati, R. (2019). Students’ motivation in learning English. Professional Journal of English Education, 2, 539. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i4.p539-544
  • Ramalingam, S., Yunus, M. M., & Hashim, H. (2022). Blended learning strategies for sustainable English as a second language education: a systematic review. Sustainability, 14(13), 8051. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138051
  • Rezaei, A., Neo, M., & Pesaranghader, A. (2014). The effect of mobile applications on English vocabulary acquisition. Jurnal Teknologi, 68(2), 912. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v68.2912
  • Ricciardi, C., Manfra, L., Hartman, S., Bleiker, C., Dineheart, L., & Winsler, A. (2021). School readiness skills at age four predict academic achievement through 5th grade. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 57, 110-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.05.006
  • Salih, A. A., & Omar, L. I. (2021). Season of migration to remote language learning platforms: voices from Efl university learners. International Journal of Higher Education, 10(2), 62-73. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n2p62
  • Shelton-Strong, S. J., & Mynard, J. (2021). Promoting positive feelings and motivation for language learning: the role of a confidence-building diary. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 15(5), 458-472. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2020.1825445
  • Shofiyyah, N. A., Komarudin, T. S., & Juita, D. R. (2023). The meaningful role of affection in education: the emotional perspective in pedagogy. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(2), 9420-9434.
  • Sholikah, M. a., & Harsono, D. (2021). Enhancing student involvement based on adoption mobile learning innovation as interactive multimedia. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(8), 19777. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i08.19777
  • Shortt, M., Tilak, S., Kuznetcova, I., Martens, B., & Akinkuolie, B. (2023). Gamification in mobile-assisted language learning: A systematic review of Duolingo literature from public release of 2012 to early 2020. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 36(3), 517-554. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1933540
  • Sun, H.-L., Sun, T., Sha, F.-Y., Gu, X.-Y., Hou, X.-R., Zhu, F.-Y., & Fang, P.-T. (2022). The influence of teacher–student interaction on the effects of online learning: based on a serial mediating model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 779217. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.779217
  • Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  • Togaibayeva, A., Ramazanova, D., Yessengulova, M., Yergazina, A., Nurlin, A., & Shokanov, R. (2022). Effect of mobile learning on students' satisfaction, perceived usefulness, and academic performance when learning a foreign language. Frontiers in Education, 7, 946102. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.946102
  • Tran, T. Q. (2021). Social networking: A collaborative open educational resource. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 148-157.
  • Tshering, K., Dorji, P., & Jatsho, S. (2024). Enhancing students’ behavioural and cognitive engagement through active learning strategies in physics. International Journal of Didactical Studies, 5(1), 23328. https://doi.org/10.33902/ijods.202423328
  • Vadivel, B., Namaziandost, E., & Saeedian, A. (2021). Progress in English language teaching through continuous professional development—teachers’ self-awareness, perception, and feedback. . Frontiers in Education, 6, 757285. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.757285
  • Vihman, M. M. (2022). The developmental origins of phonological memory. Psychological Review, 129(6), 1495–1508. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000354
  • Wang, G. (2020). On the application of cooperative learning in college English teaching. International Education Studies, 13(6), 62-66. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n6p62
  • Wang, Z., Qadir, A., Asmat, A., Aslam Mian, M. S., & Luo, X. (2022). The advent of coronavirus disease 2019 and the impact of mobile learning on student learning performance: the mediating role of student learning behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 796298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.796298
  • Wei, L. (2021). Teaching academic vocabulary to English language learners (ELLs). Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 11(12), 1507-1514. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1112.01
  • Wen, Y. (2021). Augmented reality enhanced cognitive engagement: Designing classroom-based collaborative learning activities for young language learners. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(2), 843-860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09893-z
  • Whillans, A., Perlow, L., & Turek, A. (2021). Experimenting during the shift to virtual team work: Learnings from how teams adapted their activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information and Organization, 31(1), 100343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2021.100343
  • Yu, Z., Yu, L., Xu, Q., Xu, W., & Wu, P. (2022). Effects of mobile learning technologies and social media tools on student engagement and learning outcomes of English learning. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 31(3), 381-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2022.2045215
  • Zakian, M., Xodabande, I., Valizadeh, M., & Yousefvand, M. (2022). Out-of-the-classroom learning of English vocabulary by EFL learners: investigating the effectiveness of mobile assisted learning with digital flashcards. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 7(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-022-00143-8
  • Zhang, Q. (2023). Secure preschool education using machine learning and metaverse technologies. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 37(1), 2222496. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2023.2222496
  • Zhang, R., & Zou, D. (2022). Types, purposes, and effectiveness of state-of-the-art technologies for second and foreign language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(4), 696-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1744666
  • Zhang, X., Lo, P., So, S., Chiu, D. K. W., Leung, T. N., Ho, K. K. W., & Stark, A. (2021). Medical students’ attitudes and perceptions towards the effectiveness of mobile learning: A comparative information-need perspective. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 53(1), 116-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000620925547
  • Zou, D., Luo, S., Xie, H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2022). A systematic review of research on flipped language classrooms: Theoretical foundations, learning activities, tools, research topics and findings. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(8), 1811-1837. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1839502

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.