Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/CommonHTML/fonts/TeX/fontdata.js
A reliability and validity study of professional development models tendency scale
Funda Uğurlu 1 * , Filiz Evran Acar 2
More Detail
1 Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Türkiye
2 Düzce University, Faculty of Education, Türkiye
* Corresponding Author

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to identify teachers' tendencies towards professional development models. In line with the purpose of scale development, a survey model was preferred. The scale was designed to be applicable to teachers from various disciplines currently working in any institution (preschool, primary, secondary, and high school levels). The study sample comprises teachers working in public schools from various districts. During the scale development process, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was initially conducted, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). EFA was performed with data from 408 participants, while CFA was conducted with data from 260 participants. As a result of the analyses, a scale consisting of 4 factors and 31 items was obtained. The sub-factors of the scale were named as “Tendency towards observation-based professional activities, Belief in collaboration with colleagues, Participation in collaborative activities, and Resistance to observation and supervision.” The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was determined to be 0.94. The relationships between the scale factors were examined by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients. Moderate to high positive and significant correlations were found between the total score obtained from the scale and its factors. The findings revealed that the scale demonstrated a satisfactory level of internal consistency, indicating its validity and reliability. Accordingly, the scale was designated as the "Professional Development Models Tendency Scale."

Keywords

References

  • Aktan, O., Toraman, C., & Orakci, S. (2020). Relationships between teachers’ professional values, attitudes, and concerns about the profession in Turkey. Issues in Educational Research, 30(2), 397–419.
  • Anderson, L. W. (1988). Attitudes and their measurement. In J. P. Keeves (Ed.), Educational Research, methodology, and measurement: An international handbook (pp. 421–426). Pergamon Press.
  • Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher professional development in teaching and teacher education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
  • Balbağ, M. Z., Yenilmez, K., & Turgut, M. (2017). Personal professional development efforts scale for middle school mathematics teachers: An adaptation study. International Journal of Instruction, 10(4), 325-342. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.10419a
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004
  • Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. Educational Researcher, 33(8), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033008003
  • Börkan, B., Ader, E., Inceçam, B., Böyüksolak, A., Erktin, E., Ertaş, G., & Arıkan, S. (2022). The learning community approach in professional development: a measurement and evaluation program for science and mathematics teachers. Boğaziçi University Journal of Education, 39(1), 393-421. https://doi.org/10.52597/buje.1106934
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. The Guilford Press.
  • Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Focus Editions, 154, 136-136.
  • Bümen, N. T. (2009). Possible effects of professional development on Turkish teachers’ self‐efficacy and classroom practice. Professional Development in Education, 35(2), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674580802568385
  • Bümen, N. T., Ateş, A., Çakar, E., Ural, G. & Acar, V. (2012). Teachers’ professional development in Turkish context: Issues and suggestions. Journal of National Education, 41(194), 31-50.
  • Byrne, B. (1989). A Primer of LISREL, Basic assumptions and programming for confirmatory factor analysis models. SSpringer.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education. Routledge.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute.
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 291-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2017.1315399
  • Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers’ professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3), 181-199. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08331140
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale Development: Theory and applications. Sage.
  • Eroğlu, M. & Özbek, R. (2020). Professional development of effective teachers. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Faculty of Education, 37, 73-92. https://doi.org/10.14582/DUZGEF.2020.142
  • Feiman-Nemser, S. (2001). From preparation to practice: Designing a continuum to strengthen and sustain teaching. Teachers College Record, 103(6), 1013–1055. https://doi.org/10.1111/0161-4681.00141
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • Guskey, T. R. & Bailey, J. P. (2010). Developing teacher evaluation systems. Corwin Press.
  • Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 8, 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1080/135406002100000512
  • Guskey, T. R. (2000). Evaluating professional development. Corwin Press.
  • Gülşen, C. & Yörük, G. (2021). In-service trainings of teachers working in pre-school education institutions. Journal of Social Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 7, 1056-1070. https://doi.org/10.31589/JOSHAS.620
  • Hargreaves, A., & Fullan, M. (2012). Professional capital: Transforming teaching in every school. Teachers College Press.
  • Hirsh, S. (2009). Professional learning communities: Bandwagon, buzzword, or best hope for high-quality learning? Phi Delta Kappan, 90(3), 578-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170909000704
  • Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201-233. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323
  • Ingvarson, L., Meiers, M., & Beavis, A. (2005). Factors affecting the impact of professional development programs on teachers’ knowledge, practice, student outcomes & efficacy. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(10), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.14507/EPAA.V13N10.2005
  • İlğan, A. (2013). Effective professional development for teachers. Usak University Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 41-56.
  • İlğan, A. (2021). A conceptual frame about professional development of teachers and implications for turkish education system. Journal of Education for Life, 35(1), 256-280. https://doi.org/10.33308/26674874.2021351225
  • Inan, F. A., & Lowther, D. L. (2010). Factors affecting technology integration in K-12 classrooms: A path model. Educational Technology Research and Development, 58(2), 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-009-9132-y
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language. Scientific Software International.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
  • Kennedy, M. M. (2016). How does professional development improve teaching? Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 945-980. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315626800.
  • Korukluoğlu, P. (2023). A comparative investigation of in-service professional development practices for teachers in Estonia, Sweden, Netherlands, Canada, Japan and Turkey. Journal of National Education, 52(240), 2553-2586. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1182711
  • Kumar, A. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage.
  • Ling, L. M., & MacKenzie, N. (2001). The professional development of teachers in Australia. European Journal of Teacher Education, 24(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619760120095507
  • Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing teacher professional learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 376-407. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311413609
  • Özdamar, K. (2017). Ölçek ve test geliştirme yapısal eşitlik modeli [Scale and test development structural equation modelling]. Nisan Publishing.
  • Özer, N. & Beycioglu, K. (2010). The relationship between teacher professional development and burnout. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 4928-4932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03
  • Priadi, G., Umari, T., Donal, D., & Mansor, R. (2023). Gender differences in student resistance towards teachers: A comparative study between male and female students. Jurnal Psikologi Terapan, 6(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.29103/jpt.v6i1.11327
  • Richards, J. C. (2011). Curriculum development in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
  • Scott, S. L. (2018). Academic role and professional identity development in counselor education. Walden University.
  • Sparks, D., & Loucks-Horsley, S. (1989). Models of staff development. In S. Loucks-Horsley, M. Hewson, N. Love, & K. Stiles (Ed.), Designing professional development for teachers of science and mathematics (pp. 65-87). Teachers College Press.
  • Tschannen-Moran, M. & McMaster, P. (2009). Sources of self-efficacy: Four professional development components and their relationship to self-efficacy and implementation of a new teaching program. Social Psychology of Education, 12(3), 359-372. https://doi.org/10.1086/605771
  • Uştu, H., Taş, A. & Server, B. (2016). A qualitative study about the perceptions of teachers on professional development. Electronic Journal of Occupational Improvement and Research, 2016(1), 15-23.
  • Vescio, V., Ross, D., & Adams, A. (2008). A review of research on the impact of professional learning communities on teaching practice and student learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(1), 80-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2007.01.004.
  • Wei, R. C., Darling-Hammond, L., Andree, A., Richardson, N., & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession a status report on teacher development in the U.S. and abroad. National Staff Development Council.

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.