Re-conceptualizing financial literacy in China’s higher education: An exploratory qualitative study
Yani Zhou 1 * , Muhammad Hussin 1, Mohamad Zuber Abd Majid 1
More Detail
1 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
* Corresponding Author

Abstract

With rapid economic development, financial literacy plays an increasingly important role in helping individuals navigate the complexities of modern financial systems and products. The importance of financial literacy is particularly pronounced in China, one of the largest economies in the world, especially for university students who are encountering increasing challenges in financial management. To address the lack of context-specific, up-to-date interpretations of financial literacy for Chinese university students and the lack of targeted financial education programs, this qualitative study recruited 25 students from China’s higher education providers. Interview data highlighted two aspects of financial literacy: knowledge-informed financial behavior (including budgeting and expense management, savings and investments, credit and debt management, consumer rights and protection, digital financial literacy, and financial security) and financial attitude (proactive attitude, responsible attitude, future-oriented attitude, and adaptability). Furthermore, academic and extracurricular support, enhanced accessibility of financial education, collaborations with financial institutions, and the role of faculty advisors were identified as important resources that higher education providers can offer to enhance students’ financial literacy. Implications for higher education providers include the need to consider students’ needs and challenges when offering financial education opportunities and facilitating collaboration with stakeholders.  

Keywords

References

  • Amiranashvili, N. (2023). Exploring financial literacy among senior high school students in georgia: a qualitative study on factors influencing financial knowledge and skills. Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 9(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v9i1.298
  • Billingsley, R., Gitman, L. J., & Joehnk, M. D. (2020). Personal financial planning. Cengage Learning.
  • Cheng, F., & Liu, Y. (2022). Financial literacy and financial education: experience analysis based on 1792 samples. Finance, 12(1), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.12677/FIN.2022.121010
  • Diachkova, A., Avramenko, E. S., & Melikova, M. K. (2020). Budget, motives and strategies for financial independence of undergraduates. Economic Consultant, 32(4), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2020.4.9
  • Dsouza, S., & Prakash, A. (2023). The significance of financial literacy for consumer protection: a study of bank customers in Dakshina Kannada District. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review, 11(7), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2012
  • Gangi, F., Meles, A., Daniele, L. M., Varrone, N., & Salerno, D. (2021). The evolution of sustainable investments and finance: theoretical perspectives and new challenges. Springer.
  • Godlen, W., & Cordie, L. A. (2022). Digital Financial Literacy. Adult Literacy Education, 4, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.35847/WGolden.LCordie.4.3.20
  • Gong, X., & Shen, Y. (2021). Research on the impact of Alipay APP usage behavior among college students in Chongqing. Journal of Brand Research, 24, 263-268. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-1009.2021.24.078
  • Guan, L. (2022). Analysis of the impact of digital finance on college students’ employment. Heilongjiang Science, 13(16), 139-141. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-8646.2022.16.047
  • Guan, W., & Zhang, H. (2023). Analysis of current status and strategies to enhance financial literacy among college students. Journal of Human Resource Development, 5(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.23977/jhrd.2023.050201
  • Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2020). Qualitative research methods. Sage.
  • Hu, H. (2023). Research in progress: CLIL teachers’ identity construction and negotiation. The New Educational Review, 72(2), 244–252. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2023.72.2.18
  • Hu, H., & Wang, W. (2024). Unveiling the employability landscape: chinese international doctoral students in Malaysian Universities. Education as Change, 28, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.25159/1947-9417/15285
  • Hu, H., & Zhang, L. (2024). Innovation in practice: embracing multilingualism in an intensive english programme. Higher Learning Research Communications, 14, 18-34. https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v14i0.1514
  • Jin, M., & Yuan, Y. (2019). Financial literacy research in china: the progress and the role of social work. The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 46(3), 131-157. https://doi.org/10.15453/0191-5096.4258
  • Juita, V. (2022). Financial literacy and financial coping strategy during Covid-19 pandemic in West Sumatra. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 6(1), 304-310. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v6i1.522
  • Ke, C. (2023). From the perspective of lnternet finance, an exploration on the methods of financial and general education for college students. Journal of Jiangxi Vocational and Technical College of Electricity, 36(2), 128-130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-0097.2023.02.044
  • Kim, J., Russell, M. B., & Schroeder, A. (2017). Online financial education: Theory, research, and recommendations. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 5(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.54718/LWDE8654
  • Li, J. (2014). A study on the current state of financial literacy among university students. The Guide of Science & Education, 11, 52-53. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-6813(z).2014.11.040
  • Li, L. (2024). Study on the current situation and influencing factors of college students’ financial management. Finance, 14(2), 516-526. https://doi.org/10.12677/FIN.2024.142056
  • Li, Y. (2023). Thinking about the development of our financial education under the goal of common prosperity. Research of Finance and Education, 36(2), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-0098.2023.02.007
  • Liang, Y. (2013). Research on cultivation strategy of core competence of employment of college students of financial universities. Journal of Hebei Energy Institute of Vocation and Technology, 13(3), 9-11. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-3974.2013.03.004
  • Lin, Y., & Zeng, Z. (2021). Research on the current situation and countermeasures of college students’ financial education under the background of internet finance—Take a college in Hunan as an example. The Guide of Science & Education, 21, 190-192. https://doi.org/10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.29.062
  • Liu, Y., Pan, X., & Chen, B. (2018). Research review on financial literacy. Innovation and Practice of Teaching Method, 1(2), 123-126. https://doi.org/10.26549/jxffcxysj.v1i2.1208
  • Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2011). Financial literacy and retirement planning in the United States. Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 10(4), 509-525. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474721100045X
  • Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
  • Mei, H. (2022). New development of reading promotion: exploration of financial literacy cultivation for college students. Journal of Academic Library and Information Science, 40(2), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-1525.2022.02.010
  • Mistrean, L. (2024). Research on the Financial Education Level of the Banking Consumers in the Republic of Moldova. In A. M. Thake, K. Sood, E. Özen, & S. Grima (Eds.), Contemporary challenges in social science management: skills gaps and shortages in the labour market (Vol. 112B, pp. 23-45). Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Moko, W., Sudiro, A., & Kurniasari, I. (2022). The effect of financial knowledge, financial attitude, and personality on financial management behavior. Research in Business & Social Science, 11(9), 184-192. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2210
  • Nicolăescu, V. G., & Toderașcu, C. (2023). Financial education as a tool for financial development. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 27, 323-331. https://doi.org/10.47743/jopafl-2023-27-24
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013). PISA 2012 assessment and analytical framework: mathematics, reading, science, problem solving and financial literacy. Author. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264190511-7-en
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2017). PISA 2015 Results (Volume IV): Students’ financial literacy. Author. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264270282-en
  • Peng, J. (2020). Research progress on financial literacy. Economic Management Research, 1(3), 39-41. https://doi.org/10.36012/emr.v1i3.879
  • Qiang, Y., & Wu, W. (2019). The impact of the development of internet finance on the financial concepts of college students in China. Finance, 9(4), 384-389. https://doi.org/10.12677/FIN.2019.94046
  • Qiu, J. (2023). Report on the evaluation of chinese universities and academic disciplines 2022-2023. Wuhan University Press.
  • Quang, P. T., & Anh, K. T. (2019). Demographic factors affecting the level of financial literacy in rural areas: the case of Vietnam. Polish Political Science Yearbook, 48(3), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019301
  • Rudeloff, M. (2019). The influence of informal learning opportunities on adolescents’ financial literacy. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 11, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-019-0086-y
  • Sabri, M. F., Anthony, M., Wijekoon, R., Suhaimi, S. S. A., Rahim, H. A., Magli, A., & Isa, M. P. M. (2021). The influence of financial knowledge, financial socialization, financial behaviour, and financial strain on young adults’ financial well-being. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(12), 2222-6990. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i12/11799
  • Sahadeo, C. (2018). Financial literacy and money script: a caribbean perspective. Springer.
  • Schuhen, M., & Schürkmann, S. (2014). Construct validity of financial literacy. International Review of Economics Education, 16(A), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iree.2014.07.004
  • Sensing, T. (2022). Qualitative research. Wipf & Stock Publishers.
  • Shaharuddin, N. S., Zain, Z. M., & Ahmad, S. F. S. (2021). Financial planning determinants among working adults during Covid 19 pandemic. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(1), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS /v11-i1/8998
  • Shanghai Better Education Consulting Center. (2015). National survey report on youth financial literacy and education. Author.
  • Silvola, H., & Landau, T. (2021). Sustainable investing: beating the market with ESG. Springer.
  • Song, R., Song, Z., Ma, X., & Zhang, W. (2015). The impact of the development of internet finance on college students’ financial management. Business & Economy, 9, 33-34. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-6043.2015.09.015
  • Statman, M. (2019). Behavioral finance: the second generation. CFA Institute Research Foundation.
  • Świecka, B. (2019). A theoretical framework for financial literacy and financial education. In B. Świecka, A. Grzesiuk, D. Korczak, & O. Wyszkowska-Kaniewska (Eds.), Financial literacy and financial education (pp. 1-12). De Gruyter Oldenbourg.
  • Wang, L., & Xing, Q. (2021). Research summary of financial literacy at home and abroad. Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, 22(5), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.12186/2021.05.010
  • Wu, C., & Thompson, M. E. (2021). Sampling theory and practice. Springer.
  • Wu, M., & Ma, L. (2022). Literature review on financial literacy of Chinese residents. Finance, 12(2), 216-221. https://doi.org/10.12677/fin.2022.122022
  • Yan, Y., Huang, D., & Huang, R. (2020). Research on high quality development of new urbanization in Guangdong. Urbanization and Land Use, 8(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.12677/ulu.2020.83015
  • Yao, B., Xu, Y., & Cui, Y. (2022). Research on the continuous use intention of college students’ consumer financial products. Finance, 12(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.12677/FIN.2022.123025
  • Yin, L., & Dong, X. (2020). Research on consumer financial behavior under self-finance trends. Southwestern University of Finance and Economics Press.
  • Ying, L. S., & Jamal, A. A. A. (2023). A study on financial product knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among malaysian young working adults. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(1), Article e002079. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i1.2079
  • Yulfiswandi, Y., Justyanita, J., Septiana, S., Sativa, E., & Saprudin, M. (2022). Keys to financial planning: effects of financial literacy during Covid-19. Jurnal PenelitianIlmu Manajemen, 7, 217-231. https://doi.org/10.30736/jpim.v7i2.1069
  • Yuliarto, T., Inayah, S. N., & Sugiyarti, G. (2024). The influence of financial attitude and social influence on saving behavior with financial literacy as an intervening variable. Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2024.v08i01.003
  • Zhai, W., Wang, Z., Pan, H., & Wang, H. (2021). A survey study on college students’ use of internet financial products. Industrial & Science Tribune, 20(4), 100-101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5641.2021.04.048
  • Zhang, H., Lu, S., & Wang, J. (2020). Effective models for predicting Gaokao scores and selecting universities for college admissions in mainland China. International Journal of Humanitarian Technology, 1(2), 144-171. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHT.2020.112456
  • Zhang, S., & Zhang, H. (2023). High Quality construction path of “finance” first-class course in Chinese universities—“four regressions” based on curriculum ideology and politics. Advances in Education, 13(10), 8147-8153. https://doi.org/10.12677/AE.2023.13101262
  • Zokaityte, A. (2017). Financial literacy education: edu-regulating our saving and spending habits. Springer.

License

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.